4B+Psychosis

Place your citations (in MLA format) and explanations below. Each group member should include at least two citations.

Works Cited

Leupo, Kimberly. "The History of Mental Illness." //Toddlertime.com//. Ed. Kathi Stringer. Toddle Time Network, Web. 30 Apr. 2014. Kimberly Leupo wrote The History of Mental Illness to inform people of the changes made since the 1950's. Leupo describes this time as, "mental health cares darkest hour." She says during the 50's treatments began to improve but doctors continued to commit the error of using treatments such as lobotomy. Today, lobotomy's are avoided at all costs as we recognize that they are unsafe procedures. Todays doctors and nurses are more considerate of the patients and how comfortable they feel in the mental institution. The changes being made to asylums are everyday more positive.

Phelan, Jo C., et al. "Public Conceptions of Mental Illness in 1950 and 1996: What Is Mental Illness and Is It to be Feared?" //Journal of Health and Social Behavior// 41.2 (2000): 188-207. Print. These four writers discuss the way society perceived mental illnesses in the 1950's. They describe the ways people excluded the sick and how they divided each other, "us" and "them." Those sick with mental illnesses were wrongly labeled as "bad" or "dirty." Society was uninformed and even the doctors who were seen as experts had a wrong idea of their patients. They write that "In the 1950s, the public defined mental illness in much narrower and more extreme terms than did psychiatry, and fearful and rejecting attitudes toward people with mental illnesses were common." This is different from today where we see people with mental illnesses as the "sick" who //can// get better with the proper treatment.

Huff, Ben. "Insanity's Dance." //PoemHunter//. Poem Hunter, 13 Dec. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. . This poem "Insanity's Dance" was written by Ben Huff which was posted on PoemHunter.com that expresses what goes on in someones head that may be insane. This relates back to Holden because he suffers from a mental illness, Psychosis being one of them. The lines, "Images that break darkness's light Dance through my mind, looking for romance" connect to Holden because his happy place is when he is thinking about Allie he's not in a state of depression he's comforted by the thought of Allie. The following lines, "I blink, they left my sight Which leaves me entranced By darkness" also relate to Holden because when he's no longer having thoughts of Allie he's back in a dark place, he loses himself again in the chaos of his thoughts.

Jayson, Sharon. "Stress levels increased since 1983, new analysis shows" //usatoday.com.// Usatoday, 13 June 2012. Web. 30 April 2014

Jayson talks about how since 1983 stress levels have risen. Studies show that stress is higher the younger you are (may not include minors) it also shows that stress has gone up. In every age catagory the stress levels have gone up 10-30%. The data starts from the 80's and doesn't cover Holden's time period of the 50's. While this may be inconvienient it does show some insight into how stress was looked at in the 50's. With a lack of data one knows that they did not record it or study it too much making it not very important to them. People like holden who were suffering from stress did not get the attention from the media or science.

"What is an emotional or behavioral disorder?" //Pacer Center.// Minnesota dept. of education, 2006. Web. 30 April 2014.

The article talks about disorders and what they are. It gives examples of different types of disorders and causes sympoms and effecys of each disorder. With the information from the packet it would be most accurate to diagnose Holden with a adjustment disorder. These disorders are caused by a significant change in the subject's life. Symptoms/effects of the disorder are difficulty with social and school functioning, distress, fear and anxiety, and truancy. Holden has had many big changes happen in his life, his brothers death, changing schools, roomates suicide and he has also displayed all of the characteristics. "I'm the one thats flunking out of the goddam place." (Pg 28) "I felt like jumping off the washbowl and getting old Stradlater in a half nelson." (Pg 30) "The more I thought about it, though, the more depressed and screwed up about it I got." (Pg 195) "I don't want to stay at any hotels on the east side where I might run into some aquaintences of mine." (Pg 60)